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广东省(Guangdong Province)
广东省,简称粤,是中华人民共和国大陆南端沿海的一个省份。广东位于南岭以南,南海之滨。与香港、澳门、广西、湖南、江西和福建接壤;与海南隔海相望。省会广州。广东在语言风俗、历史文化等方面都有着独特的一面,与中国北方地区有很大的不同。近年来广东亦成为中国经济最发达的省份之一。
广东省古时候一直是“百越之族”居住的地域,清政府在这里设置了广东省,于是广东的名称沿用至今。这里自古就是我国的富庶之地,早在秦汉时代已经有对外贸易和文化交流活动,到近代,广东更是成为商业发达的地区。由于地理条件及历史渊源,这里也是华侨之乡,许多侨民出于对家乡的眷恋之情都会经常回乡,促进了广东省旅游业的发展。广东省聚集最多奇特景观的地区在粤北,粤北包括韶关和清远,那些山地的自然景观非常美丽,有以丹霞山和金鸡岭为代表的丹霞地貌,有喀斯特地貌的连南、阳山、英德山群及溶洞;粤西则有着漫长而曲折的海岸线,拥有为数众多的优质海滩;粤东的梅州、河源、潮汕和惠州地区一向以其独特的客家文化而在广东自成体系,民风古雅,古文化遗存丰富,近年来也成为旅游热点。
Guangdong (Canton in English) is a province on the southern coast of the People's Republic of China. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China. Guangdong is quite different from the northern part of China. It is one of the country's richest with the highest total GDP among all provinces. Its nominal GDP for 2003 was $165 billion, increased to $265 billion in 2005 (about the same size as Denmark) and to $329.07 billion in 2006. Guangdong contributes approximately 12% of national economic output.
Ⅰ. 概况(Brief introduction)
简称: [粤]
Abbreviations: yue
地理位置: 广东地处岭南,热带、亚热带的地理环境和风光,南濒热带海洋,西南隔琼州海峡与海南相望;东接福建;西同广西邻。
Location: Guangdong faces the South China Sea to the south. Guangdong borders Fujian province to the northeast, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces to the north, Guangxi autonomous region to the west, and Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions to the south. Hainan province is offshore across from the Leizhou Peninsula.
省会: 广州
Capital: Guangzhou
气候: 广东全省地处亚热带,大部分地区属亚热带季风气候,夏长冬短, 雨量充沛。年平均降雨量为1500—2000毫米,年平均蒸发量1000— 1200毫米,属湿润地区。
Climate: Guangdong has a humid subtropical climate (tropical in the far south), with short, mild, dry, winters and long, hot, wet summers. Average daily highs in Guangzhou in January and July are 18C (64F) and 33C (91F) respectively, although the humidity makes it feel much hotter in summer. Frost is rare on the coast but may happen a few days each winter well inland.
行政区划: 广东全省有21个地级市、33个县级市、43个县、3个自治县。
Administrative divisions: 21 prefecturelevel cities, 33 countylevel cities, 43 counties and 3 autonomous counties.
面积: 总面积177,900万平方公里
Area: 177,900 km2
景观: 广东省面临浩瀚无际的大海,背负雄峻的南岭山脉;此外还具有奇丽的“丹霞地貌”,使得广东省具有“緑水丹崖”的秀丽景色 。
Sceneries: there are a lot of beautiful sceneries in Guangdong Province, including the vast beach and a few mountain ranges.
广东简介: 广东得天独厚,胜景处处。鸟瞰全省,粤北有瑶族聚居地、丹霞山等,粤中有珠海三角洲水乡,粤东有潮汕平原,粤西有鼎湖山、七星岩等。南海的海岸线,东起南澳岛,中有香港、澳门、珠海,西南有湛江雷州湾,像一串熠熠生辉的明珠。这里气侯温和,阳光明媚,一年四季均适宜旅游。旅游资源丰富,类型多样,在这里 ,抱着不同愿望来的旅游者都能实现愿望。
Notable attractions: include Danxia Mountain, Yuexiu Hill in Guangzhou, Star Lake and the Seven Star Crags, and Dinghu Mountain.
Ⅱ. 主要城市介绍(Introduction of some important cities)
广州(Guangzhou)
(一)地理位置(Location)
广州是广东省省会, 地处广东省东南部, 珠江三角洲北缘,全省政治、经济和文化中心,是中国的“南大门”。
Guangzhou is in the southern part of China. It is the capital city of Guangdong Province. It lies in the southeastern part of the province, that is, the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta. It is political, economic and cultural center of the whole province.
(二)自然条件
广州是“水果之乡”, 主要产荔枝、龙眼、香蕉、菠萝、木瓜、杨桃等。广州的花卉和盆景远近驰名, 以阴生观叶植物、高档盆花、鲜切花、岭南盆景为主。
广州山青水秀, 风光旖旎, 旅游资源丰富, 旅游景点100多处, 其中以羊城新八景白云山、珠江、越秀山、东站广场、陈家祠、黄花岗七十二烈士墓、广东奥林匹克体育中心、莲花山以及中山纪念堂、黄埔军校、南越王博物馆、华南植物园、从化温泉、番禺香江野生动物世界、宝墨园、广东美术馆等景点最负盛名。
(三) 昵称别名(Nicknames)
广州又称“羊城”。相传周朝时, 南海飘来五朵彩色祥云, 五仙人骑着五只羊, 各携带一串谷穗降临此处, 赠谷穗给居民, 祝福此地五谷丰登、永无饥荒, 留下五羊化为石头。今越秀公园建有以此传说为题材的“五羊石像”。
According to the legend, there were five celestial beings riding into the area that is now Guangzhou on five rams and carrying sheaves of rice. The celestials bestowed blessings on the land and offered the sheaves to the people of the city as a symbol of prosperity and abundance. After the celestials left, the rams turned into stone, and Guangzhou quickly developed into an affluent and influential city.
(四) 文化习俗(customs and cultures)
广州是岭南文化的中心地。粤剧是广州地区最有代表性的地方剧, 享有“南国红豆”的盛誉。广东音乐源于广州和珠江三角洲, 吸纳了中原古乐、江南小调和昆曲等的精华, 与本地民歌、民謡相结合而成。岭南画派是现代中国画派之一。广雕、广彩、广绣驰名中外。粤菜是中国一大菜系, 菜谱上千种, “食在广州”闻名天下。
广州的民间习俗很多, 有迎春花市、龙舟竞渡,、重阳登高、摆年橘、饮早茶等。
(五)市花市鸟
佛山 (Foshan)
(一)地理位置 (Location)
位于广东省中南部,珠江三角洲腹地,东倚广州,毗邻港澳。
Foshan City is situated in the midsouthern part of Guangdong, the central region of the Pearl River Delta, with favorable geographical position, fertile land and mild climate, with Guangzhou to its east. It is near Hong Kong and Macau.
(二)历史文化(Historical culture)
佛山素有陶艺之乡、粤剧之乡、武术之乡、广纱中心、岭南成药之乡、南方铸造中心、民间艺术之乡等美誉。
佛山是“南国陶都”,制陶艺术源远流长,有700多年历史,自古有“石湾瓦,甲天下”的美誉。建于明代正德年间的南风古灶,是世界现存最古老的柴烧龙窑,薪火相传至今400多年,被誉为“陶瓷活化石”。2005年,佛山荣获“中国陶瓷名都”称号。
佛山是“南国红豆”粤剧的发源地,诞生了粤剧艺人的代称——“红船子弟”和粤剧最早的戏行组织——琼花会馆。民间自发组织的粤剧演唱“私伙局”是佛山文化的一大特色,至今长盛不衰。每年一度举办的琼花粤剧艺术节,使佛山呈现“红船泊晚沙,万人看琼花”的盛况。
佛山是“岭南成药之乡”。古方正药的历史有400余年,其产品种类齐全,大约分为膏、丹、丸、散、茶、油、酒等七大类,是工匠、居家、旅行必备的中成药,涌现出了“黄祥华”如意油、“冯了性”药酒、“源吉林”甘和茶等一批老字号名药。
佛山的铸造业始于2000多年前。宋代时佛山所铸鼎、锅、钟、塔等闻名全国。到明代佛山的铸造技术已达相当高的水平,成为南中国冶炼中心。鸦片战争期间,佛山所铸大炮为抗击外来入侵发挥了重要作用。
佛山是珠江三角洲民间艺术的摇篮,孕育并保留了秋色、醒狮、舞龙、龙舟说唱、龙舟竞渡等大量体现岭南文化精髓的民间艺术及民俗事象;秋色、剪纸、木刻年画、陶塑、灰塑、砖雕等手工传统技艺精湛,独树一帜。2005年底,佛山参与申报的狮舞、粤剧、龙舟说唱、佛山木版年画、广东剪纸、石湾陶塑技艺等6个项目,进入首批国家非物质文化遗产名録推荐名单。
佛山自古人文荟萃,才俊辈出。唐宋以来广东出过九个状元,佛山占其五。近代以来,孕育了维新运动领袖康有为,政治活动家张荫桓、戴鸿慈、谭平山、何香凝、罗登贤、邓培,民族实业家陈启沅、简照南、简玉阶,科学家詹天佑、邹伯奇,文学家吴趼人,粤剧名伶薛觉先、马师曾,武术名家梁赞、黄飞鸿、李小龙,名医李广海,能工巧匠黄炳、陈渭岩、刘传,第一位华人牧师梁发等杰出人物。
(三) 自然条件(Natural conditions)
佛山属亚热带季风性湿润气候,年平均气温22.1°C,降雨量16002000毫米。自然资源主要有陶土、岩石、玻璃砂、稀有金属和塘鱼、水稻、甘蔗及品种繁多的水果、花卉等。
Foshan mainly has the natural sources of pot clay, rocks, glass sand, rare metals and pool fishes, rice, sugar cane and various fruits and flowers etc.
(四) 旅游景点(Tourist attractions)
佛山旅游资源十分丰富,是著名的旅游胜地。佛山祖庙、西樵山、南风古灶、清晖园、皂幕山、南国桃园、陈村花卉世界、三水荷花世界被评为“佛山新八景”。其中,佛山祖庙融古代陶瓷、木雕、铸造、建筑艺术于一体,被誉为“东方艺术之宫”;西樵山是国家级风景名胜区,有“南粤名山数二樵”之美誉;顺德清晖园与佛山梁园是清代广东四大名园;高明皂幕山是佛山最高峰;陈村花卉世界是中国南方最大的花卉生产交易基地和花卉文化主题公园;三水荷花世界是目前世界上规模大、品种资源丰富的荷花生态专类园。还有东华里、康有为故居、宝林寺、芦苞祖庙、黄飞鸿纪念馆、李小龙纪念馆可让游客领略独特的岭南文化。目前,佛山以历史文化、南国武术、商务会展、产业观光、休闲度假、购物美食、美化家居等为主题的特色旅游方兴未艾。
Foshan has many sights, including Chinese temples and other examples of Chinese architecture. Foshan Zumiao Temple, Mount Xiqiao, Nanfeng Ancient Fuenace, Qinghui Garden, Nanguo Peach Tourism Vacationland, Mount Zaomu, Chencun Town Flower World, Sanshui's Lotus World are the famous eight sceneries in Foshan.
(五)土名特产
染色纸:染色纸是佛山传统的手工业品,有悠久的历史。辛亥革命前,佛山是广东染色纸的唯一产地。按生产品种的不同,染纸业分成年红、杂色、花红、蜡箭四行。年红行专染正士丹色和正土硍朱色年红纸;杂色行染红、黄、蓝、白、黑、灰、青莲、天青等色纸,主要用来制作迷信品;花红行专染花红一色,主要用作婚姻嫁娶的礼书帖式和新岁贺年、迎神赛会的柬帖;蜡箭行染造屏幅、对联及装璜等用的纸张。佛山染纸业最鼎盛时期,大约在清同治(1862)至光绪(1875)年间,那时全行有大小染店、染馆数百间,工人超过3000人。产品种类繁多,达60一70种。佛山的染色纸品,以其色泽鲜艳、能耐风雨、历久不变的优点享誉国内外。
九层糕:佛山、南海一带民间喜庆节日,尤其春节,家家必做九层糕,取其“长长久久,步步高升”之意。九层糕是一种甜米糕,做工讲究。民间用白米浸透,用石磨磨成水粉,搅拌成浆,加入糖水,用铜盘放一层薄水粉,加热蒸熟,然后逐层加粉至九层。蒸熟的九层糕层次分明,软滑可口。有些人还用食用色素掺入,每层红白相间,十分好看。节日期间,人们将蒸好的九层糕切成菱形小块,每四块叠成一盘(三块在下,一块在上),先敬神、后敬祖先,然后是全家吃糕,取其吉祥之意。春节时,人们往往以松糕、年糕、煎堆、油角互赠亲友,但九层糕则不赠与别人,据说分给别人会把吉祥分薄,于己不利。
佛山盲公饼:盲公饼是佛山市土特产名产品之一。由于它是由一盲人创制,因而得名。盲公饼的制作,与一般饼食不同,有其独特之处,市场上出售的饼食,大都以面粉配制,而盲公饼则全用糯米配以食糖、花生、芝麻、猪肉、生油等上乘原料巧制而成。饼内所夹的猪肉,其制法更为美妙精巧,用幼细白糖腌藏数月(最少数天)才取出配制,吃起来甘美酥脆,美味可口,中外亦负盛名。
深圳(Shenzhen)
(一) 深圳概况(Brief introduction)
深圳,中国的第一个经济特区,历经20多年改革开放的栉风沐雨,从一个边陲小镇发展成为风景秀丽、投资环境优良、经济发达、初具规模的具有中国特色的国际化大都市,向世人展示着新世纪的活力和希望。
深圳市位于中华人民共和国广东省,北与东莞市、惠州市接壤,南以深圳河为界,与香港相邻,东隔大亚湾与惠东县的平海半岛相望,西临珠江口伶仃洋。
深圳海岸线长229.96公里,多为优良港口岸线, 6处港湾建有深水港。海域广阔,水产资源丰富,盛产荔枝等名果,矿产资源主要为花岗岩、大理石等建筑材料,金属矿产可开采量较小,油、气等能源靠外界输入。
深圳是随着改革开放发展起来的城市,是一座“神话般的城市”,是一幅五彩缤纷的画卷,是我国改革开放的缩影。过去25年中,跳跃式的发展和惊人的速度造就了深圳的辉煌,建市的25年间,深圳GDP达到1000亿元人民币用了十八年,达到2000亿元用了五年,而突破3000亿元仅用了两年。25年来,深圳年均增长速度近30%,生产总值增加了1800倍。
Shenzhen is a subprovincial city of Guangdong province in southern China. Although this city is famous for its extreme proximity with the boundary of Hong Kong, it is at least 25km away from the core urban area of Hong Kong. Shenzhen is a centre of foreign investment and since the late 1970s has been one of the fastest growing cities in the world. It is also the busiest port in China after Shanghai. In the past two decades, outsiders have invested more than $30 billion in Shenzhen for building factories and forming joint ventures. It was the first of the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in China.
Shenzhen was originally a mountainous area, with fertile agrarian land. However, after the introduction of special economic zone in 1979, Shenzhen underwent tremendous change in landscape. The once hilly fishing village is now replaced by mostly flat ground in downtown area.
(二)市名由来
“深圳”地名始见史籍于1410年(明永乐八年),于清朝初年建墟。当地的方言俗称田野间的水沟为“圳”或“涌”。深圳正因其水泽密布,村落边有一条深水沟而得名。
深圳又称鹏城。
何谓“鹏城”? 在深圳东部50多公里开外的南澳镇,有一处名叫鹏城的地方,城门像北京的德胜门,只是规模小了很多。 城墙经风雨侵蚀,一番破败景象; 城楼虽不及山海关雄壮,仍古味十足。进入城门,只见青石板铺就的道路,两旁平房都是砖木结构,鳞次栉比,露出房檐的椽子都已腐败,看起来年代已相当久远。当地居民称这个地方叫王母,又叫大鹏,这座城就叫鹏城。“鹏城”由此得名。
曾几何时,有人把这个鹏城的名字安在了深圳的头上。特别是深圳自建立特区以来,面貌发生了历史性的巨变,综合经济实力已经位列全国大中城市中的前列,是一座充满生机,充满美好发展前景,潜力无限的城市。而深圳的版图正象展翅高飞的大鹏,搏击风云,遨游长空,勇往直前。所以,鹏城也就名符其实地叫响了。
深圳的市花是簕杜鹃。
(三)民族状况
深圳是多民族居住的城市,56个民族都有人在深圳居住。人数超过1000人的少数民族有17个,超过10000人的有4个,前10位的依次是:壮族、土家族、苗族、侗族、瑶族、回族、满族、蒙古族、布依族、朝鲜族。
第五次全国人口普查结果表明,有54个少数民族共22万5千多人居住在深圳,加上汉族是55个民族;随着2002年9月18日两位珞巴族同胞落户中国民俗文化村,标志着深圳已成为继北京之后全国第二座汇聚齐56个民族定居的城市。目前,深圳市少数民族人口已达到22.5多万人。
据悉,除北京之外中国的许多城市近年来在发展中都增加了少数民族成分,但随着发展自然聚齐了56个民族的城市目前只有深圳。深圳能在短短20多年间不仅成为一个多民族城市,而且成为一个中国民族齐全的城市,这在我国社会历史发展中是不多见的。
(三)旅游景点(Tourist attractions)
深圳枕山面海,是一座山湖风光优美的海滨城市。大鹏湾曲折蜿蜒,海岸线长70多公里,分布着大梅沙、小梅沙、溪冲、迭福、水沙头、西涌等水碧沙白的黄金海滩。这里沙质柔软,海水清碧洁净,是迷人的海滨浴场。梧桐山雄伟险峻,山上溪涧纵横,有深不可测的梧岭天池;深圳湾畔福田区上、下1000多亩的红树林,是候鸟迁徙的中途站,可以观赏品种众多的候鸟。分布于特区腹地的深圳莲花山、笔架山、银湖等,水碧山清,环境幽雅,是旅游度假的好地方。
位于深圳市区西部的华侨城景区,包括“锦绣中华”、“中国民俗文化村”、“世界之窗”和“欢乐谷”等主题公园,集中华传统文化、中国民俗文化与世界文化精华于一体,融自然景观、人文景观于一炉,并采用声光电等现代科技表现手段,配之以东方“百老汇”式的歌舞演出,动静结合,花样翻新,令人流连忘返。
Shenzhen's major tourist attractions include the Chinese Folk Culture Villages, the Window of the World, Happy Valley, Splendid China, the Safari Park in Nanshan district, the Dameisha Promenade, Xiaomeisha Beach Resort in Yantian district, Zhongying Street, Xianhu Lake Botanical Garden, and Minsk World. The city also offers free admission to a number of public parks including the Lianhuashan Park, Lizhi Park, Zhongshan Park and Wutongshan Park. Shenzhen is famous for the great variety of cuisines that its numerous restaurants provide.
Most tourists, however, choose to stay in a largely expatriate and exotic residential community called Shekou, home to a large French cruise liner cemented into the ground, confiscated on drug smuggling charges. Shekou was expanded and renovated in recent years, including claiming additional land from the sea.
(四)经济状况(Economy)
深圳是中国口岸最多和惟一拥有海陆空口岸的城市,是中国与世界交往的主要门户之一,有着强劲的经济支撑与现代化的城市基础设施。中国社科院发布的《2007年中国城市竞争力蓝皮书》表明,深圳的城市综合竞争力位列内地城市第一。
2006年,深圳市国内生产总值达5684亿元,增长15%;全社会固定资产投资1272亿元,增长7.7%;社会消费品零售总额1671亿元,增长16.2%;进出口总额2374亿美元,增长29.9%,其中出口总额1361亿美元,增长34.1%,连续14年居全国大中城市第一。
深圳经济总量相当于国内的一个中等省份,位居全国大中城市的第四位,是中国大陆经济效益最好的城市之一。1979年人均GDP仅为606元,到2006年达到8619美元,居全国大中城市第一。
深圳实施名牌战略,形成了一批拥有名牌产品的大企业集团和企业群体。截至2006年,深圳市共有金威啤酒、康佳彩电、长城计算机(服务器)、创维彩电、BELLE皮鞋、富安娜床上用品、泰丰电话、飞亚达手表、依波表等12种产品获得“中国名牌产品”殊荣,居全国大中城市第二位。
Shenzhen is in the top ranks among mainland Chinese cities in terms of comprehensive economic power. It ranked fourth in GDP among mainland Chinese cities in 2001, while it ranked the top in GDP per capita during the same period. Its import and export volumes have been first for the last nine consecutive years. It is the second in terms of industrial output. For five consecutive years, its internal revenue within local budget ranks third. It also ranks third in the actual use of foreign capital.
Shenzhen is a major manufacturing centre in China. One highrise a day and one boulevard every three days is one famous line referring to Shenzhen in the 1990s. With 13 buildings at over 200 metres tall, including the Shun Hing Square (the 9th tallest building in the world), Shenzhen is a marvel of lights after sunset.
Shenzhen is home to some of China's most successful hightech companies, such as Huawei and ZTE. A number of foreign IT companies also have facilities in the city. Foxconn has a manufacturing plant based in Shenzhen where they make most of the iPods and laptops for Apple Computer. It appears to be shipping a large majority of the new Intelbased machines at this stage. Lenovo, the Chinese conglomerate that bought the personal computing division of IBM in 2005, manufactures its line of ThinkPad notebook computers in Shenzen. IBM still has a joint venture in Shenzhen manufacturing server products. Many of these foreign hightech companies have their operations in the Science and Technology park in Nanshan District or outside the core districts where labor and land are much cheaper. In the financial sector, China Merchants' Bank, one of the largest banks in China, has its headquarters in Shenzhen. Shenzhen City Commercial Bank is also based in the city. It is expected that more foreign financial institutions will invest in Shenzhen.
In 2006, the GDP reached a record high of 568.4 billion RMB, an increase of 15% over 2005. Shenzhen's economic output is ranked fourth in mainland China, and it is comparable to that of a medium sized province in China. In 2006, Shenzhen's GDP per capita was 8619 yuan, making it the highest among Chinese mainland cities.
(五) 深港合作(Integration with Hong Kong)
深港两地山水相连,经济相互依存,有着紧密的历史渊源和天然联系。长期以来,香港市场上的禽、蛋、鱼、肉、菜以及鲜奶等主要来自深圳。每年经深圳水库供港的东江水达11亿多立方米;大亚湾核电站输电到香港;港资一直是深圳最主要投资来源,占外商在深实际投资金额的70%以上;深圳多家公司在香港创业并上市。
近年来,深圳市政府提出了“向香港学习、为香港服务”的合作理念,深港政府间建立了重大事项协商沟通机制,口岸和跨界基础设施合作不断加强,经贸、科技、教育、金融、旅游等合作不断深化。2007年4月,深港联合治理深圳河治理三期工程,深圳河流域防洪标准提高到50年一遇的水平。2007年7月正式建成通车的深港西部通道,将把深港两地更加紧密地连在一起。
Many visitors who cross the Hong Kong SAR/mainland China border to Shenzhen go for the shopping, where goods and services are supposedly far cheaper than those in Hong Kong. However, without coming prepared knowing the prices of specific items the goods may end up being far more expensive than in Hong Kong while others are only marginally cheaper, even after a long phase of negotiating.
The shopping mall most visited by tourists is Lo Wu Commercial City, situated close to the railway station. This contains an overwhelming array of beauty parlours and stores selling clothes, handbags, fabric, jewellery and electrical goods as well as many vendors of pirated software, DVDs, counterfeit goods and mobile phones. With the number of tourists, it is also a popular location for prostitution, drugs, pickpockets and begging. However, Hua Qiang Bei (North of Huang Qiang Road) is the real mega shopping area favoured by locals.
Ⅲ. 饮食文化(Cantonese cuisine)
粤菜,即广东地方风味菜,是我国著名四大菜系之一。粤菜以广州、潮州、东江三种地方菜为主。广州菜配料多,善于变化,讲究鲜、嫩、爽、滑,一般是夏秋力求清淡、冬春偏重浓醇,尤其擅长小炒,要求掌握火候,油温恰到好处;潮州菜以烹制海鲜见长,更以汤菜最具特色,刀工精巧,口味清纯,注意保持主料原有的鲜味;东江菜(也称客家菜)主料突出,檏实大方,有独特的乡土风味。以上三种菜互为补充,形成了粤菜的独具特色:一是用料广博奇特,选料精细,配合四时更替,四季时令菜肴重在色、香、清、鲜;二是烹调技艺考究,刀工操作精细,常用的有熬、煲、蒸、炖、扣、炒、泡、扒、炸、煎、浸、滚、烩、烧、卤等,同时,调味佐料众多,有香、松、脆、肥、浓五滋和酸、甜、苦、辣、咸、 鲜六味,具有浓厚的南国风味。
Cantonese cuisine is wellknown for its blend of color, fragrance, taste and presentation, and it is ranked among the top four in the country. It mainly includes Guangzhou cuisine, Hakka cuisine and Teochew cuisine. Cantonese cuisine is famous for its vegetarian dishes as well. The cooking methods include steaming, stirfrying, shallow frying, double boiling, braising and deepfrying.
Ⅳ. 名胜古迹(Places of interest)
广东四大名山:博罗县的罗浮山、仁化县的丹霞山、南海的西樵山、肇庆市的鼎湖山。
罗浮山位于惠州市西北45多公里处,距广州90公里,广汕公路穿越其境,横跨博罗、龙门、增城三县,纵横广袤五百里,海拔1000多米,溪涧幽深,烟笼雾锁,山势雄伟奇特。
Mount Luofu is mainly situated on the north bank of the Dongjiang in the northwest of Bóluó County in the prefecture of Huizhou in Guangdong Province that covers 250 kilometers.
奇峰怪石、飞瀑名泉、洞天奇景是罗浮山的三大特色。罗浮山有铁桥、玉女、骆驼等大小峰峦432座,有白石漓、黄龙洞等名泉瀑布980多处,有通天、罗汉等石室幽岩72个,有朱明、蓬莱等洞天奇景18处。
罗浮山不但是山水绮丽,风景优美,而且神话、传说、古迹繁多,素有“神仙洞府”之称。山上寺观遍立,原有九观、十八寺、三十二庵等宗教建筑。
It was said that there were nine guan (temple), 18 si (temple) and 32 an (temple) on Mt. Luofu.
丹霞山位于韶关市东北54公里处,距仁化县城 9 公里。丹霞山海拔 408米,不算高,但它的山崖,远看似染红霞,近看则色彩斑斓,许多悬崖峭壁,像刀削斧,直指蓝天,无数奇岩美洞,隐藏于山中,景色相当奇丽。
丹霞山风景区可划分为上中下三层。上层景区有长老峰、海螺峰、宝珠峰。中层景区以别传寺为主要景点。下层景区主要有锦岩洞天胜景。
Danxiashan Geopark, which covers 290km2, is located in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province. The worldwide landforms formed by red terrestrial sandstone and conglomerate and characterized by red rock walls and cliffs are all known as Danxia landform, and Danxia Mountain is the very location where this special landform was named. The whole mountain has redbed peak forest type of structure with 380 (big or small) rock peaks, rock forts, rock walls and rock stacks. Its main peak is 618m above the sea level.
西樵山位于广东省佛山市南海区西南部,是国家级风景名胜区,同时也是国家森林公园。
西樵山是一座沉寂了亿万年的死火山,自然风光美不胜收,山上有72奇峰和42奇洞,更有各种湖泊、泉瀑和深潭点缀山间;不仅如此,西樵山林深苔厚,储存了极为丰富的水资源,因而被称为“固体水库”。
Mount Xiqiao, always known as a “famous mount in Nanyue”, is located at the southwest of Nanhai, a hinterland of Zhujian Delta of Guangdong province as well as 40 miles away from Guangzhou city. It is reputed as a beautiful local country picture of Zhujiang Delta, and a dark green jade in Lingnan region.
鼎湖山位于广东肇庆市东北郊,是岭南著名的佛教名山和游览胜地。鼎湖山位于北纬23°10″,东经112°31″。因地球上北回归线穿过的地方大都是沙漠或乾草原,所以鼎湖山又被中外学者誉为“北回归线上的緑宝石” 。鼎湖山面积1133公顷,最高处的鸡笼山顶高1000.3米,鼎湖山因其特殊的研究价值闻名海内外,被誉为华南生物种类的“基因储存库”和“活的自然博物馆”。
Dinghushan is located in the midpart of Guangdong Province in south China, northeastern suburb of Zhaoqing city, about 84 km away from Guangzhou, with the geolocation of 112°30′39″~112°33′41″E and 23°09′21″~23°11′30″N. It occupies 1133 hm2, covered mostly by hills and valleys. The altitude of the station ranges nearly from 100 to 700 m above sea level, with the highest of 1000.3 m at Jilongshan.
广东四大名园:包括番禺余荫山房,东莞可园,顺德清晖园和佛山梁园。
Four Famous Gardens in Guangdong: Yuyin Mountain House in Panyu, Liangyuan Garden in Foshan, Keyuan Garden in Dongguan and Qinghui Garden in Shunde.
练习题
1.为什么说佛山是珠江三角洲民间艺术的摇篮?
2.请简述粤菜的特色。
3.佛山九层糕有何寓意?
4.广州又被称为“羊城”,请问“羊城”这个名称的由来是什么?
5.请问有多少个名族居住在深圳?
6.请至少说出跟广东省相邻的三个省份名称。
7.请说出罗浮山的三大特色。
8.匹配题:请将以下景点和地方名连线。
练习题答案
1.佛山是珠江三角洲民间艺术的摇篮,孕育并保留了秋色、醒狮、舞龙、龙舟说唱、龙舟竞渡等大量体现岭南文化精髓的民间艺术及民俗事象;秋色、剪纸、木刻年画、陶塑、灰塑、砖雕等手工传统技艺精湛,独树一帜。2005年底,佛山参与申报的狮舞、粤剧、龙舟说唱、佛山木版年画、广东剪纸、石湾陶塑技艺等6个项目,进入首批国家非物质文化遗产名録推荐名单。
2.粤菜的特色有以下两点:一是用料广博奇特,选料精细,配合四时更替,四季时令菜肴重在色、香、清、鲜;二是烹调技艺考究,刀 工操作精细,常用的有熬、煲、蒸、炖、扣、炒、泡、扒、炸、煎、浸、滚、烩、烧、卤等,同时,调味佐料众多,有香、松、脆、肥、浓五滋和酸、甜、苦、辣、咸、 鲜六味,具有浓厚的南国风味。
3.佛山九层糕的寓意是“长长久久,步步高升”。
4.广州又称“羊城”。相传周朝时, 南海飘来五朵彩色祥云, 五仙人骑着五只羊, 各携带一串谷穗降临此处, 赠谷穗给居民, 祝福此地五谷丰登、永无饥荒, 留下五羊化为石头。今越秀公园建有以此传说为题材的“五羊石像”。
5.有56个名族居住在深圳。
6.香港、澳门、广西、湖南、江西、福建和海南。(任选其中三个)
7.奇峰怪石、飞瀑名泉、洞天奇景是罗浮山的三大特色。